The AR-15 platform's versatility is legendary, readily adaptable to a wide array of calibers. While the 5.56 NATO/.223 Remington reigns supreme, the intriguing .220 Swift presents a compelling—though less common—alternative. This deep dive explores the specifics of a .220 Swift AR-15 build, its advantages, limitations, and what you should consider before embarking on this unique project.
Understanding the .220 Swift Cartridge
Before we delve into the AR-15 adaptation, let's establish a firm understanding of the .220 Swift itself. Developed in 1935 by the renowned firearms designer, W.F. "Winchester" Savage, this cartridge is known for its exceptional velocity. This high velocity translates to a remarkably flat trajectory, making it an excellent choice for long-range shooting. However, this speed comes at a cost: increased recoil and faster barrel wear.
Key Characteristics of the .220 Swift:
- High Velocity: Significantly higher than standard .223 Remington, resulting in extended range and accuracy.
- Flat Trajectory: Minimal bullet drop over distance, simplifying aiming and compensation.
- Increased Recoil: The high velocity contributes to noticeable recoil, requiring a firm grip and potentially impacting follow-up shots.
- Barrel Wear: The high pressures involved lead to faster barrel erosion compared to lower-pressure calibers.
- Limited Availability: Ammunition and components are less readily available than for more common calibers.
Building a .220 Swift AR-15: Challenges and Considerations
Converting an AR-15 to fire the .220 Swift requires more than just a barrel swap. Several key components need careful consideration:
1. Barrel Selection:
The barrel is the most critical component. It must be specifically chambered for the .220 Swift and manufactured to withstand the high pressures generated by this cartridge. Look for barrels made from high-quality materials like chrome-moly vanadium steel or stainless steel, and ensure the manufacturer has a proven track record of producing reliable barrels for high-velocity rounds.
2. Bolt Carrier Group (BCG):
A standard AR-15 BCG is unlikely to be compatible. The .220 Swift's higher pressures necessitate a BCG designed for its specific operating parameters to ensure safe and reliable function. Using an incompatible BCG risks catastrophic failure.
3. Magazine Compatibility:
Standard AR-15 magazines won't work. You'll need magazines specifically designed for the .220 Swift cartridge. Availability may be limited, and you might need to explore options from specialized manufacturers.
4. Bolt Face and Extractor:
The bolt face and extractor need to be compatible with the .220 Swift cartridge's case dimensions and pressures. Improperly matched components can lead to malfunctions.
Advantages of a .220 Swift AR-15
Despite the challenges, a .220 Swift AR-15 offers distinct advantages:
- Extreme Accuracy at Long Range: The flat trajectory and high velocity make it highly accurate at longer distances than standard .223 Remington.
- Unique Caliber: Stand out from the crowd with a less common and more powerful AR-15 variant.
- Adaptability (within limitations): The AR-15's modular design allows for some customization, even with this less common caliber.
Disadvantages of a .220 Swift AR-15
It's crucial to acknowledge the drawbacks:
- High Cost: Components are often more expensive than their .223 counterparts.
- Increased Recoil: Managing recoil is critical for accurate shooting.
- Limited Ammunition Availability: Finding .220 Swift ammunition may prove challenging and costly.
- Faster Barrel Wear: Expect a shorter lifespan for your barrel compared to a standard AR-15.
Conclusion: Is a .220 Swift AR-15 Right for You?
A .220 Swift AR-15 build presents a unique challenge for experienced AR-15 enthusiasts. It’s not a project for beginners. The benefits of extreme accuracy and extended range are undeniable, but they come with significant costs, both financially and in terms of maintenance. Thorough research and careful component selection are paramount to ensure safety and reliability. Weigh the advantages against the limitations carefully before undertaking this specialized build. Only experienced firearm builders and shooters with a deep understanding of AR-15 mechanics should attempt this conversion.
