The question, "Does ammo go bad?" is a common one among firearms enthusiasts and responsible gun owners. The short answer is yes, ammunition does degrade over time, although the rate and impact depend on several crucial factors. Understanding these factors is key to ensuring your ammunition remains reliable and safe for use.
Factors Affecting Ammunition Shelf Life
Several factors contribute to ammunition degradation, influencing its overall shelf life and potentially its effectiveness:
1. Type of Ammunition:
- Centerfire vs. Rimfire: Rimfire ammunition generally has a much shorter shelf life than centerfire ammunition. This is because the primer compound in rimfire cartridges is more susceptible to moisture and degradation. Expect rimfire ammo to lose its reliability significantly faster, often within a few years.
- Powder Type: Different types of gunpowder age differently. Some formulations are more stable than others. Modern, high-quality powders are generally more stable than older formulations.
- Case Material: Brass cases are more durable than steel or aluminum, offering better protection against corrosion and degradation.
2. Storage Conditions:
This is perhaps the most significant factor influencing ammo's longevity. Poor storage practices drastically shorten its lifespan.
- Temperature: Extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, accelerate the degradation process. Ideal storage temperatures are cool and dry, between 50-70°F (10-21°C).
- Humidity: Moisture is the enemy of ammunition. High humidity can lead to corrosion, rust, and primer degradation. Aim for a humidity level below 50%.
- Exposure to Sunlight: UV radiation from sunlight can break down the gunpowder and case materials. Store your ammunition in a dark, opaque container.
- Proper Containers: Use airtight, waterproof containers to protect ammunition from moisture, temperature fluctuations, and contaminants. Avoid storing ammo in loose piles or exposed to air.
3. Ammunition Age:
Even under ideal storage conditions, ammunition will eventually degrade. While there isn't a universally agreed-upon expiration date, many experts recommend replacing ammunition after 20-30 years, especially rimfire cartridges. Always inspect your ammo before use, regardless of age.
Signs of Ammunition Degradation:
Several visual cues can indicate that your ammunition may be degraded or unsafe to use:
- Rust or Corrosion: Visible rust on the case or projectile is a clear sign of degradation.
- Powder Deterioration: Signs of caked or discolored powder might indicate instability.
- Damaged Primers: Check for dents, cracks, or other damage to the primers.
- Bulging Cases: A bulging case is a major safety hazard and indicates that the cartridge should be discarded.
- Difficult to Cycle: Difficulty chambering or feeding the round into the firearm could be a symptom of component degradation.
Testing Your Ammunition:
While visual inspection can catch significant issues, it's not a foolproof method. The only truly reliable way to test ammunition is through controlled firing at a safe shooting range. Start with a single round and carefully observe for any unusual behavior.
Safe Disposal of Degraded Ammunition:
If you discover degraded or questionable ammunition, never attempt to fire it. Contact your local law enforcement agency or a licensed firearms dealer for instructions on safe disposal.
Conclusion:
Proper storage is crucial for extending the shelf life of your ammunition. By understanding the factors that influence ammunition degradation and regularly inspecting your supply, you can help ensure that your ammunition remains reliable and safe for use. Remember, always prioritize safety and handle ammunition responsibly. When in doubt, dispose of it safely.
