Maintaining your AR-15 is crucial for its longevity, reliability, and, most importantly, your safety. A dirty AR-15 is a malfunction-prone AR-15, and malfunctions can be dangerous. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of thoroughly cleaning your AR-15, covering everything from the necessary tools and supplies to the step-by-step cleaning procedure. Whether you're a seasoned marksman or a new AR-15 owner, this guide will provide you with the knowledge to keep your rifle in top condition.
Essential Tools and Supplies for AR-15 Cleaning
Before you begin, gather the necessary tools and supplies. Having everything readily available makes the cleaning process much smoother and more efficient. You'll need:
- AR-15 Cleaning Kit: A good kit will include a bore brush, cleaning rod (preferably one-piece, to avoid rod sections coming apart during cleaning), patches, and a jag. Consider a kit with different caliber brushes if you own multiple firearms.
- Gun Cleaning Solvent: Choose a high-quality solvent designed for firearms. CLP (Clean Lubricate Protect) is a popular choice, offering cleaning, lubricating, and protective properties in one product.
- Gun Cleaning Oil: A good gun oil is essential for lubrication after cleaning.
- Cotton Patches: These are used to push the solvent and oil through the barrel.
- Toothbrush or Small Brush: Useful for cleaning hard-to-reach areas.
- Cotton Swabs: For cleaning smaller components.
- Shop Towels or Rags: For wiping down the rifle.
- Eye and Hearing Protection: Always prioritize safety.
Disassembling Your AR-15 for Cleaning
Safety First! Before you begin disassembly, always ensure the firearm is unloaded and the bolt is locked back. Visually inspect the chamber and magazine well to confirm no ammunition is present.
The level of disassembly required depends on how thoroughly you want to clean your rifle. For a basic cleaning, you'll typically need to disassemble the upper receiver from the lower receiver, and remove the bolt carrier group (BCG). More in-depth cleaning may require further disassembly. Refer to your owner's manual for specific instructions on disassembling your particular AR-15 model. Numerous high-quality videos demonstrating this process are also available online.
Step-by-Step AR-15 Cleaning Process
This process focuses on cleaning the barrel and BCG, the most crucial components for reliability.
1. Cleaning the Barrel:
- Attach the cleaning rod and bore brush to the jag: Use a patch attached to the jag to push the solvent through the barrel. Work the brush back and forth several times to remove fouling.
- Repeat with clean patches and solvent: Continue this process until the patches come out clean.
- Apply gun oil: After cleaning, use clean patches to apply a light coat of gun oil to the barrel.
2. Cleaning the Bolt Carrier Group (BCG):
- Disassemble the BCG: This will usually involve removing the firing pin retaining pin and carefully removing the bolt and cam pin.
- Clean each component individually: Use a toothbrush, cotton swabs, and solvent to clean the bolt, bolt carrier, firing pin, and extractor. Pay close attention to any carbon buildup.
- Lubricate the BCG: Once clean, apply a thin coat of gun oil to all moving parts of the BCG.
3. Cleaning the Upper and Lower Receivers:
- Wipe down the receivers: Use a clean shop towel or rag to wipe down the upper and lower receivers, removing any loose debris or dust.
- Clean critical areas: Pay attention to the gas key, gas tube, and other functional parts, ensuring they're free of debris.
4. Reassembly:
- Reassemble the BCG: Carefully reassemble the bolt carrier group, ensuring all components are properly seated.
- Reassemble the upper and lower receivers: Securely attach the upper receiver to the lower receiver.
Post-Cleaning Inspection and Maintenance
After cleaning, perform a final inspection to ensure all components are properly lubricated and assembled. Cycle the action several times to check for smooth operation. Regular cleaning and lubrication will significantly extend the life of your AR-15 and ensure its reliable function.
Remember, consistent cleaning and maintenance are key to maintaining your AR-15’s performance and ensuring its safe operation. Always consult your owner's manual for specific instructions on your model. This guide provides general information and should not replace professional guidance. If you are unsure about any aspect of cleaning your firearm, seek assistance from a qualified gunsmith.
