The Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel shotgun holds a significant place in firearms history, representing a period of accessible and reliable hunting shotguns. While not as widely discussed as some higher-end brands, the 311 earned a loyal following due to its robust construction, simple operation, and surprisingly good performance for its price point. This guide delves into the history, features, variations, and collecting aspects of this classic firearm.
A Piece of American Shotgun History
Manufactured by the J. Stevens Arms Company, later acquired by Savage Arms, the Model 311 saw production spanning several decades, solidifying its place as a common sight in fields and shooting ranges across America. Its popularity stemmed from its affordability and reliable function, making it a practical choice for hunters and shooters alike. Unlike some more delicate double-barrel designs, the 311 was built to withstand the rigors of regular use.
Key Features of the Stevens Model 311:
- 12 Gauge: Primarily chambered in 12 gauge, the most common shotgun caliber, offering versatility for various hunting applications.
- Double Barrel: The iconic double barrel design provides the ability to fire two shots in quick succession, ideal for hunting situations requiring rapid follow-up shots.
- Simple Mechanism: The 311 boasts a straightforward, easy-to-understand action, making it simple to operate and maintain, even for novice shooters.
- Solid Construction: Known for its durable construction, the Model 311 is often praised for its ability to withstand considerable use.
- Various Configurations: While primarily a hunting shotgun, different barrel lengths and stock styles catered to various shooting preferences and hunting needs.
Variations and Identifying Marks
Identifying specific variations of the Stevens Model 311 requires close examination of the markings on the receiver and barrel. These markings often include the model number, serial number, and sometimes even the barrel length and choke constriction. Collectors often focus on subtle differences in stock design, finish, and even the type of forearm used.
Common Variations to Note:
- Barrel Lengths: The 311 was produced with a variety of barrel lengths, influencing its handling and intended use. Shorter barrels were more maneuverable in close quarters, while longer barrels offered improved accuracy at longer ranges.
- Choke Constrictions: Different choke constrictions—like improved cylinder, modified, or full choke—affected the shot pattern, catering to various hunting scenarios.
- Stock Styles: Variations in stock shape and material contributed to the overall feel and handling characteristics of the shotgun.
The Stevens Model 311 Today: Collecting and Appreciation
Today, the Stevens Model 311 is increasingly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts. Its historical significance, robust construction, and relatively affordable price point contribute to its growing popularity in the firearms collecting community.
Factors Affecting Value:
- Condition: The overall condition of the firearm heavily influences its value. Well-preserved examples with minimal wear and tear command higher prices.
- Rarity: Certain variations or configurations of the Model 311 are rarer than others, increasing their value among collectors.
- Originality: Untouched, original examples with all their original parts are generally more valuable than those that have been modified or restored.
Conclusion: A Legacy of Reliability
The Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel shotgun represents a significant piece of American firearms history. Its enduring popularity speaks to its reliability, simple design, and overall value. Whether used for hunting or appreciated as a collector's item, the Model 311 continues to hold a special place among shotgun enthusiasts and historians. Further research into specific serial numbers and markings will help pinpoint the exact year of manufacture and variations within the model. Remember always to handle firearms safely and responsibly.
