Will a .308 Shoot 7.62x51? Understanding Cartridge Compatibility
The short answer is yes, a .308 Winchester will shoot 7.62x51 NATO ammunition, but with important caveats. While the cartridges are very similar and often used interchangeably, there are subtle, yet significant, differences that warrant careful consideration.
Understanding the Differences: .308 Winchester vs. 7.62x51 NATO
Both .308 Winchester and 7.62x51 NATO cartridges fire a bullet of roughly the same diameter (.308 inch). However, the key differences lie in their chamber dimensions and pressure specifications:
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Chamber Dimensions: The 7.62x51 NATO chamber is slightly larger than the .308 Winchester chamber. This means a 7.62x51 round can generally fit into a .308 Winchester chamber, but a .308 Winchester round will not fit into a 7.62x51 NATO chamber.
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Pressure: 7.62x51 NATO ammunition is loaded to higher pressure than .308 Winchester ammunition. This difference is critical.
The Risks of Interchangeability
Firing 7.62x51 NATO ammunition in a firearm chambered for .308 Winchester carries several risks:
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Overpressure: The larger chamber dimensions of the 7.62x51 NATO round, combined with its higher pressure, could lead to overpressure within the .308 Winchester chamber. This can result in:
- Damage to the firearm: Damage could range from minor issues like bulged cases to catastrophic failure resulting in injury or death.
- Increased risk of malfunction: Overpressure can also lead to malfunctions such as case ruptures, ruptured primers, or failures to extract.
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Accuracy Issues: While the bullet diameter is similar, variations in bullet seating and overall cartridge dimensions can impact accuracy. You may experience less accurate shots compared to using the correct ammunition.
The Safe Approach
To avoid the risks associated with interchangeability, always use the ammunition specifically designed for your firearm's chambering. Never fire 7.62x51 NATO ammunition in a firearm chambered for .308 Winchester unless the manufacturer explicitly states it's safe to do so. Some manufacturers do make firearms that are specifically designed to handle both, but this is the exception, not the rule.
Always check your firearm's owner's manual for explicit recommendations on ammunition type. Ignoring this guidance could have severe consequences.
Conclusion
While often used interchangeably in casual conversation, .308 Winchester and 7.62x51 NATO are not perfectly compatible. While a .308 rifle might fire 7.62x51, the risk of damage to the weapon and potential injury is considerable. Prioritize safety by only using the ammunition explicitly stated in your firearm's manual. Responsible gun ownership includes understanding the nuances of ammunition types and adhering to safety guidelines.
